In this paper, researchers from the National Zoological Park discuss ways of incorporating visitors into exhibit development and the value visitors bring to the process, specifically during front-end evaluation. The authors cite examples from the development of "The Good, the Bad, and the Cuddly: Attitudes Toward Animals" exhibit, which opened at the National Zoological Park in September 1991.
In this paper, researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee discuss methodology and findings from a study designed to research the benefits of interactive learning devices for informal settings and test the effectiveness of a flip card question-answer system in label design. Researchers conducted this analysis at the lion exhibit at the Milwaukee County Zoo.
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TEAM MEMBERS:
Michael A. ArndtChan ScrevenDawn BenusaTracie Bishop
This paper is a summary of a 40-page report prepared for the Denver Zoological Foundation. The report detailed findings from an evaluation of the zoo's educational graphic system that aimed to give its visitors the opportunity to enter a world they probably have little experience with, and to wonder at the complexity and ingenuity of natural processes. This study analyzed visitors' response to a select group of graphics in the "Northern Shores" exhibit to determine the kinds of graphics that the zoo might want to invest in for future exhibits, and whether improvements were needed for the
This paper presents the methodology and findings of the formative and summative evaluation of the "Kongo Ranger Station" interactive interpretive displayed located in the new "Africa Rain Forest" exhibit at the Metro Washington Park Zoo. This display focuses on conservation, natural history and cultural issues in West and Central Africa.
This paper presents research methodology and findings from a formative evaluation of the "Habitat Africa! Thirsty Animal Trail" exhibit at the Brookfield Zoo. This exhibit intended to encourage visitors to imagine themselves as thirsty animals trying to gain access to a waterhole safely. The appendix of this paper includes copies of the interview protocol and the exit interview protocol.
This paper presents an overview of methodology and findings from research that aimed to demonstrate, describe, and discuss actual cases of audience research conducted by museums with living collections (i.e. botanical gardens, arboreta, zoological parks, and aquaria). This research analyzes these museums' rationales for conducting evaluation studies, their chosen methods of implementation, the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen methods, and the consequences of the resulting data. The cumulative results of this research serve as a guide for professionals responsible for the operation of
This paper discusses a research study that examined the effect of providing, or not providing, museum visitors with specific tasks for learning, in relationship to the visitor's task preference. This study was carried out at the Florida Museum of Natural History and made us of 11 static case exhibits, all of which addressed an aspect of Florida vertebrate or invertebrate biology. Findings from the study are reviewed as they pertain to the effects of visitor perceptions of museums and task preference.
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TEAM MEMBERS:
John Scott Foster
resourceresearchMuseum and Science Center Programs
In this paper, Florence Bramley of The Graphics Group presents an exercise and research that encourage gentler approaches to warning messages used in museums or zoos.
In this paper, Pedro J.E. Casaleiro of the University of Leicester, Department of Museum Studies, discusses research that considers the investigation of evidence in mass media other than museums to help define a communications policy that bears the visitor in mind. In doing so, Casaleiro aims to broaden understanding about audiences' concerns with science, recognizing the presence of shared symbolic values created by both museums and traditional mass media. Casaleiro cites findings from studies of Portuguese newspapers and a natural history museum to support his claims.
In this paper, Lisa McIntosh discusses how quick-change info boards are used by staff and visitors at the Vancouver Aquarium. McIntosh also provides an overview of the Aquarium's unique interpretive approach.
In this paper, Ellen Stokes shares experiences at the St. Louis Zoo related to how guest services can influence the visitor studies agenda. Stokes discusses three issues: Part of the guest services director's job is to be an advocate for appropriate and appealing visitor services, the guest services perspective must view the institution as a whole (as contrasted with looking at one exhibit at a time), and this holistic approach to the institution can perhaps guide visitor studies into new directions.
This paper discusses the obstacles that the Philadelphia Zoo confronted when they attempted to evaluate and develop a series of interactive activity kits called "Explore-A-Zoo." The kits aimed to encourage families with children aged 3-9 to interact together in front of exhibits while at the same time improve their science process skills. This paper describes the challenges staff encountered while interviewing preliterate 3-5 year olds as well as highlights two data collection methods that they found successful.