This report from the National Research Council explores how learning changes the physical structure of the brain, how existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn, the amazing learning potential of infants, and the relationship between classroom learning and learning in everyday settings such as community and the workplace. It identifies learning needs and opportunities for teachers and provides a realistic look at the role of technology in education.
American educators and policymakers have often claimed that the arts can have powerful effects in education and that these effects may reverberate far beyond the arts. Arts education has been argued to have social, motivational, and academic repercussions. But are such claims rooted in empirical evidence, or are they unsupported advocacy? The studies in this issue review systematically what is known about the power of the arts to promote learning in non-arts domains. Thus, we focus here only on the claims that have been made about the effects of arts education on cognitive, academic outcomes
In the American educational climate of today, "basic" academic skills are valued while the arts are considered a frill. Many major urban school districts have cut back on arts education in order to strengthen academic subjects. Even though most of our schools have some arts education, and even though most of our citizens say they want their children to be exposed to the arts in school, only one in four students in American schools sings, plays an instrument, or performs plays in class each week. When budgets are tight, the arts are almost always the first programs to be cut. This study
The authors examine SAT data from the College Board in order to examine the correlation between the number of years of art education and SAT scores. By studying twelve years of data, they find that studying art is associated with higher SAT scores, and that students who take four years of art courses have higher scores than those who take some art but less than four years' worth.
This article aims to discover evidence for the "Mozart Effect"--the observation that listening to music for brief periods temporarily enhances performance on spatial tasks.
The author reviews the empirical literature testing that there is an association between instruction in music (usually school-based) and performance in reading (as measured by reading test scores or by general tests of verbal aptitude).
ABSTRACT The article discusses the research which has showed that music education enhances spatial reasoning skills. The result has suggested that the various kinds of musical instruction leads to spatial learning and the type of instruction has not been limited to any particular program component, musical style or instructional practice. The study has demonstrated that learning standard notation promotes the facilitation of the performance in the spatial-temporal tasks. The music instruction has contributed to the improvement of at least one type of spatial skill in which it is projected to
The article discusses the research which showed that the usage of drama in the classroom by the educators can promote a deeper learning in the variety of verbal fields. Drama has been considered as an effective tool to improve the accomplishment in story understanding, reading achievement, reading preparedness and writing. The result has demonstrated that the drama helps the children to master the texts they enact and to practice the new materials that are not yet enacted. The study has showed that drama instruction can serve as a creative and effective instrument for learning that exceeds
Can reading skills be enhanced by instruction in the visual arts? Arts education researchers have sometimes made this claim and have argued that the visual arts can play a strong role in the teaching of basic skills in the kindergarten and elementary school years. There are two possible mechanisms by which visual arts instruction might enhance reading ability, one cognitive, one motivational. The cognitive mechanism would involve transfer of skill. Perhaps visual arts training strengthens visual perception skills that can be deployed in reading.
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Kristin BurgerEllen WinnerUniversity of Illinois
Many scientists and science educators are concerned about the public’s ambiguous relationship with science and this public includes elementary teachers. Like many citizens, too many elementary teachers find science disconnected from everyday life and thinking. Science is a “school” subject − not an important part of everyday life. Some may believe that science conflicts with important personal beliefs they hold about other areas of life such as religion and art. Elementary teachers who feel this disconnection with science will at best approach science teaching as something one does if school
In several primarily Hispanic, low socio-economic school districts of the southwest in partnership with local institutions of higher learning, this 48-month project will develop programs and materials to attract parents of children of all grade levels and make them active supporters of a system that promotes good mathematical learning for their children. These programs and materials will help them become aware of what is happening in their children's classroom; offer them occasions to take on leadership roles in working with teachers, administrators, and other parents; and provide them opportunities for in-depth experiences with school mathematics. The materials will be initially developed and piloted in the Sunnyside School District. After revision from the pilot project, the project will be implemented in several other school districts.